Your metabolism can't shut down. It can slow down though and it can also favour nutrient storage. If your calorie consumption is too low, your body becomes less efficient at losing weight. You still lose weight because of the first law of thermodynamics--energy cannot be created or destroyed. So as you spend energy with not enough calories in the day, various tissues are used as fuel sources to keep you alive. However, since food is scarce, your body holds onto fat more desperately because it's trying to get you through the famine--I'm pretty I've made a similar post somewhere in the past on this. Hence, losing weight becomes less efficient, though it still happens as with any form of calorie deprivation.
People who have their stomachs stapled do not typically eat only 600 calories a day. People in general (stapled or not) who eat only 600 calories a day will lose major weight because that's approximately only 30-50% of their required caloric intake. Starving African children lose major weight too--and their stomachs are definitely not stapled.
Stomach stapling is used to create an artifically smaller stomach so that the feeling of fullness or satiety is achieved sooner than would be with a "full sized" stomach. This means that people with stapled stomachs have an easier time consuming fewer calories than they used to because they feel full sooner and thus self-regulate the amount of food they can eat in one sitting.
I'm not sure if this answers your question or not.
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