One good thing to do is pick your target pace for your next 5K race, and then run approx. 5K as a workout, breaking it up into intervals at your target pace with rest breaks in between. You might have to run 0.5 mile repeats at that pace at first with rest breaks in between (a specific time like 1 or 2 minutes or until your heart rate drops back to about 120 bpm) in order to finish, but as you progress, you should be able to go longer on the race pace segments and shorter on the rests.
For a 2/3 times per week plan, I would try for a workout like that each week, plus a longer run to help build your aerobic endurance beyond the 5K distance, even going out to 6 miles or a little more. For a third workout, you could do shorter interval/HIIT routine - maybe 200 meters some weeks, 400 meters, 800 meters. Just try to increase your pace, effort each week... or in the case of the longer run, the distance.
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