stay with me here....it is interesting to note that not all older people who exibit signs of low testosterone, actualy have low testosterone.
there is a protein in our bodies called sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). It binds itself to testosterone, making it useless. As we age we have more SHBG which binds to more testosteone, leaving us with less active testosterone.
consider the following study
"Not necessarily all muscle wasting is caused by testosterone deficiency. Levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) can become increased, leading to muscle wasting despite normal testosterone levels." Kong A and Edmonds P. Testosterone therapy in HIV wasting syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2(11):692-9, 2002.
In cases which replacement therapy is ineffective, it is likely that high SHBG levels are the culprit.
Luckily there are many simple lifestyle changes we can do to lower leves of SHBG, and have more "free" testosterone.
The following studies relate to SHBG and lifstyle choices.
"Increased SHBG levels in the smokers, from an increase of conitine, the primary metabolic waste product of nicotine." English, K.M., et al. (2001). Effect of cigarette smoking on levels of bioavailable testosterone in healthy men. Clinical Science. 100 :661-665. 2 Ronnemma, T., et al. (1996). Smoking is independently associated with high plasma insulin levels in nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care. 19:1229-32.
"The activity of SHBG was an average of nearly 9 percent greater on the soy diet. Since the extra SHBG tied up circulating testosterone, that led to a relative dominance of estrogen over testosterone." Habito, R.C., et al. (2000). Effects of replacing meat with soybean in the diet on sex hormone concentrations in healthy adult males. British J Nutr. 84:557-63.
"Fish oil keeps estrogen and SHBG in check." Nagata C, Takatsuka N, Kawakami N, Shimizu H. Relationships between types of fat consumed and serum estrogen and androgen concentrations in Japanese men. Nutr Cancer. 2000;38(2):163-67.
"Protein combats SHBG." Longcope C, Feldman HA, Mc Kinlay JB, Araujo AB. Diet and sex hormone-binding globulin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jan; 85(1):293-6.
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