There are a bunch of different variables that could change the outcome. But I think that if you took 2 twins and one of them ate X amount of daily calories from "clean" foods and the other ate X amount of daily calories from processed and fast foods, there would be a difference in body comp after a period of time.
The one who is eating fruits, veggies, and natural foods would be getting many more minerals and antioxidants that would probably aid in the body's ability to break down fat and build muscle as opposed to the other twin.
It is sort of like saying that if you had 2 people each drink 2 gallons of water a day, but one drinks it at room temperature and the other drinks it chilled. Would it make a difference in the long run? Science says that it would because the the body has to warm up the chilled water and therefore increases your metabolism a very small amount...but over the long run that could make a difference. There was a tidbit in Men's Health this month about it and you could potentially burn 17,000 more calories per year by drinking an extra 50 ounces of ice-cold water per day. I know that this is getting off-base, but I just feel as though the person who is eating the better "quality" foods would see a payoff more than a person who is getting the same amount of calories but eating a less than optimal diet.
Of course, you are always going to have the freaks of nature that can eat whatever they want. Case in point, Chad Johnson from the Bengals. I saw a bio about him a while back and he said he eats McDonald's every day for breakfast. It showed him eating sausage biscuits, pancakes, and all kinds of "crap food"...yet the guy is ripped.
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